Journal of Sports Science and Medicine

Swimming stroke

ANOVA

F-value

P-value

_pη²

100 m IM

Swim velocity [m/s]

fastest

1.90 ± 0.07 * ^{BA, BR}

2.08 ± 0.08 * ^{BR, FR}

1.31 ± 0.04 ^FR

1.87 ± 0.08 *

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 80

< 0.001

0.59

slowest

1.76 ± 0.09 ^{BA, BR}

1.64 ± 0.09 ^BR

1.39 ± 0.06 ^FR

1.72 ± 0.05

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 171

< 0.001

0.90

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 35

< 0.001

0.65

Stroke rate [bpm]

fastest

59.6 ± 1.6 ^{BA, BR, FR}

50.3 ± 2.4

49.7 ± 6.1

50.8 ± 2.7

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 1

n.s.

slowest

58.6 ± 2.6 ^{BA, BR, FR}

46.3 ± 3.4

50.8 ± 7.5

50.3 ± 3.1

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 22

< 0.001

0.54

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 1

n.s.

DPS [m/stroke]

fastest

2.02 ± 0.04

2.17 ± 0.16 ^BR

1.89 ± 0.22 ^FR

2.28 ± 0.09

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 9

< 0.01

0.14

slowest

1.87 ± 0.07

2.12 ± 0.19 ^BR

1.75 ± 0.28 ^FR

2.13 ± 0.15

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 18

< 0.001

0.49

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 0

n.s.

200 m IM

Swim velocity [m/s]

fastest

1.81 ± 0.04 * ^{BA, BR, FR}

1.63 ± 0.05 * ^{BR, FR}

1.38 ± 0.02 * ^FR

1.73 ± 0.03 *

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 95

< 0.001

0.63

slowest

1.70 ± 0.06 ^{BA, BR}

1.48 ± 0.05 ^{BR, FR}

1.30 ± 0.04 ^FR

1.62 ± 0.05

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 249

< 0.001

0.93

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 2

n.s.

Stroke rate [bpm]

fastest

50.6 ± 5.2 ^{BA, BR, FR}

43.2 ± 2.4

39.8 ± 2.6

44.8 ± 2.1

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 0

n.s.

slowest

53.1 ± 2.6 ^{BA, BR, FR}

40.3 ± 2.2

41.4 ± 5.9

43.7 ± 2.8

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 34

< 0.001

0.64

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 2

n.s.

DPS [m/stroke]

fastest

2.13 ± 0.05

2.23 ± 0.11

2.19 ± 0.13 *

2.28 ± 0.12

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 18

< 0.001

0.24

slowest

2.00 ± 0.08

2.20 ± 0.11 ^BR

1.93 ± 0.23 ^FR

2.17 ± 0.09

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 9

< 0.001

0.32

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 2

n.s.

400 m IM

Swim velocity [m/s]

fastest

1.63 ± 0.02 ^{BA, BR}

1.47 ± 0.06 ^{BR, FR}

1.34 ± 0.03 * ^FR

1.66 ± 0.04 *

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 50

< 0.001

0.47

slowest

1.61 ± 0.04 ^{BA, BR, FR}

1.42 ± 0.04 ^{BR, FR}

1.24 ± 0.04 ^FR

1.54 ± 0.04

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 226

< 0.001

0.92

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 5

< 0.01

0.22

Stroke rate [bpm]

fastest

48.6 ± 2.1 ^{BA, BR, FR}

36.9 ± 3.8 ^FR

34.4 ± 2.2 ^FR

41.7 ± 2.6

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 0

n.s.

slowest

49.6 ± 2.5 ^{BA, BR, FR}

37.3 ± 1.1

34.5 ± 2.7 ^FR

39.8 ± 2.4

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 104

< 0.001

0.85

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 1

n.s.

DPS [m/stroke]

fastest

2.08 ± 0.08 ^{BA, BR, FR}

2.36 ± 0.19

2.43 ± 0.15

2.35 ± 0.15

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 17

< 0.001

0.24

slowest

2.02 ± 0.08 ^FR

2.23 ± 0.05

2.22 ± 0.13

2.23 ± 0.11

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 17

< 0.001

0.47

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 1

n.s.

IM: Individual Medley, BU: Butterfly, BA: Backstroke, BR: Breaststroke, FR: Freestyle, DPS: distance per stroke, n.s.: not significant. (a) Main effect group: fastest vs. slowest swimmers (b) Main effect swimming stroke: BU vs. BA vs. BR vs. FR (c) Interaction effect: group x swimming stroke Post-hoc comparisons: