Journal of Sports Science and Medicine

Swimming stroke

ANOVA

F-value

P-value

_pη²

100 m IM

Swim velocity [m/s]

fastest

1.67 ± 0.10 ^BR

1.64 ± 0.05 * ^BR

1.34 ± 0.05 ^FR

1.69 ± 0.10 *

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 46

< 0.001

0.45

slowest

1.61 ± 0.10 ^{BA, BR}

1.44 ± 0.09 ^BR

1.23 ± 0.05 ^FR

1.55 ± 0.06

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 69

< 0.001

0.79

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 2

n.s.

Stroke rate [bpm]

fastest

61.8 ± 3.0 ^{BA, BR, FR}

49.6 ± 2.4

50.4 ± 3.8

52.1 ± 4.5

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 11

< 0.01

0.17

slowest

61.0 ± 2.9 ^{BA, BR, FR}

44.6 ± 5.7

46.3 ± 6.5

46.6 ± 5.8

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 34

< 0.001

0.65

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 1

n.s.

DPS [m/stroke]

fastest

1.69 ± 0.08

1.97 ± 0.10

1.65 ± 0.10

1.97 ± 0.14

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 0

n.s.

slowest

1.63 ± 0.13 ^{BA, FR}

1.99 ± 0.26 ^BR

1.65 ± 0.30 ^FR

2.06 ± 0.29

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 16

< 0.001

0.46

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 0

n.s.

200 m IM

Swim velocity [m/s]

fastest

1.62 ± 0.03 * ^{BA, BR}

1.45 ± 0.04 * ^{BR, FR}

1.25 ± 0.02 * ^FR

1.57 ± 0.03 *

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 118

< 0.001

0.68

slowest

1.53 ± 0.04 ^{BA, BR, FR}

1.31 ± 0.04 ^{BR, FR}

1.16 ± 0.06 ^FR

1.45 ± 0.05

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 273

< 0.001

0.94

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 1

n.s.

Stroke rate [bpm]

fastest

54.7 ± 3.4 ^{BA, BR, FR}

40.7 ± 4.5

40.8 ± 3.1

44.4 ± 1.9

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 6

0.02

0.10

slowest

52.3 ± 3.7 ^{BA, BR, FR}

38.2 ± 2.6

37.6 ± 4.4

43.1 ± 5.9

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 47

< 0.001

0.72

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 0

n.s.

DPS [m/stroke]

fastest

1.84 ± 0.11

2.13 ± 0.19

1.90 ± 0.17

2.09 ± 0.11

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 1

n.s.

slowest

1.82 ± 0.13

2.04 ± 0.11

1.90 ± 0.24

2.03 ± 0.26

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 8

< 0.001

0.29

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 0

n.s.

400 m IM

Swim velocity [m/s]

fastest

1.51 ± 0.02 * ^{BA, BR}

1.35 ± 0.06 * ^{BR, FR}

1.19 ± 0.03 * ^FR

1.52 ± 0.04 *

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 74

< 0.001

0.57

slowest

1.42 ± 0.03 ^{BA, BR}

1.25 ± 0.05 ^{BR, FR}

1.12 ± 0.03 ^FR

1.43 ± 0.05

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 229

< 0.001

0.92

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 0

n.s.

Stroke rate [bpm]

fastest

50.0 ± 4.3 ^{BA, BR, FR}

37.0 ± 4.1

36.5 ± 4.3

41.3 ± 3.2

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 1

n.s.

slowest

49.5 ± 5.3 ^{BA, BR, FR}

35.2 ± 4.0

34.6 ± 4.0 ^FR

42.2 ± 5.8

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 35

< 0.001

0.66

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 0

n.s.

DPS [m/stroke]

fastest

1.86 ± 0.16

2.13 ± 0.22

2.02 ± 0.25

2.13 ± 0.15

(a)

F_{(1 | 56)} = 2

n.s.

slowest

1.77 ± 0.15

2.09 ± 0.22

2.01 ± 0.21

1.98 ± 0.24

(b)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 6

< 0.001

0.26

(c)

F_{(3 | 56)} = 0

n.s.

IM: Individual Medley, BU: Butterfly, BA: Backstroke, BR: Breaststroke, FR: Freestyle, DPS: distance per stroke, n.s.: not significant. (a) Main effect group: fastest vs. slowest swimmers (b) Main effect swimming stroke: BU vs. BA vs. BR vs. FR (c) Interaction effect: group x swimming stroke Post-hoc comparisons: