Table 3.
Normalized activation of leading arm for upper extremity muscles in two-handed backhand strokes (% MVC).
Leading arm
Drive volley (Mean ± SD)
Groundstroke (Mean ± SD)
p-value
Effect size
Preparation
FCR
18.00 ± 4.54
16.06 ± 5.72
.10
0.38
ECR
12.09 ± 5.16
11.21 ± 4.87
.28
0.18
BB
3.98 ± 2.04
3.94 ± 1.52
.93
0.02
TB
5.54 ± 2.84
5.68 ± 3.37
.84
0.04
Early Acceleration
FCR
52.50 ± 20.52
40.39 ± 13.91
.02
*
0.69
ECR
44.70 ± 31.22
44.50 ± 29.88
.97
0.01
BB
20.33 ± 16.05
28.98 ± 19.43
.05
0.49
TB
24.56 ± 13.22
31.52 ± 26.96
.22
0.33
Late Acceleration
FCR
55.90 ± 35.49
48.12 ± 21.30
.15
0.27
ECR
91.17 ± 36.89
94.66 ± 32.42
.53
0.10
BB
52.19 ± 18.74
52.14 ± 21.03
.99
0.00
TB
32.06 ± 13.09
31.30 ± 24.34
.88
0.04
Early Follow-through
FCR
22.53 ± 5.84
19.98 ± 7.91
.14
0.37
ECR
32.62 ± 17.12
28.86 ± 17.19
.44
0.22
BB
22.57 ± 13.46
23.49 ± 15.94
.62
0.06
TB
12.18 ± 3.93
16.95 ± 19.11
.38
0.35
Late Follow-through
FCR
9.69 ± 5.49
10.93 ± 6.35
.24
0.21
ECR
16.39 ± 12.16
14.33 ± 11.29
.17
0.18
BB
18.87 ± 8.81
18.67 ± 9.19
.94
0.02
FCR
18.00 ± 4.54
16.06 ± 5.72
.10
0.38
* p < 0.05