Table 4.
Normalized activation of trailing arm for upper extremity muscles in two-handed backhand strokes (% MVC).
Trailing arm
Drive volley (Mean ± SD)
Groundstroke (Mean ± SD)
p-value
Effect size
Preparation
FCR
12.32 ± 4.88
12.84 ± 6.98
.69
0.09
ECR
23.70 ± 8.56
20.00 ± 10.30
.05
*
0.39
BB
8.40 ± 4.50
8.11 ± 5.49
.70
0.06
TB
8.89 ± 5.00
7.02 ± 3.70
.04
*
0.43
Early Acceleration
FCR
30.50 ± 11.13
34.86 ± 13.56
.23
0.35
ECR
43.70 ± 24.25
35.74 ± 18.69
.15
0.37
BB
33.09 ± 17.85
34.81 ± 19.35
.62
0.09
TB
30.92 ± 31.92
24.53 ± 15.33
.29
0.26
Late Acceleration
FCR
70.97 ± 14.81
81.99 ± 30.55
.16
0.46
ECR
66.01 ± 33.60
68.34 ± 39.11
.58
0.06
BB
40.19 ± 22.80
43.39 ± 22.65
.37
0.14
TB
29.81 ± 12.82
39.01 ± 30.90
.26
0.39
Early Follow-through
FCR
26.36 ± 8.16
28.01 ± 11.68
.52
0.16
ECR
34.48 ± 14.84
32.83 ± 16.17
.51
0.11
BB
10.37 ± 5.21
12.48 ± 7.98
.21
0.31
TB
25.43 ± 26.66
22.61 ± 8.05
.71
0.14
Late Follow-through
FCR
17.57 ± 9.10
18.94 ± 9.87
.39
0.14
ECR
11.24 ± 8.33
7.79 ± 4.80
.04
*
0.51
BB
2.75 ± 1.80
2.07 ± 0.85
.35
0.48
TB
10.75 ± 4.53
11.74 ± 7.04
.51
0.17
* p < .05