Table 5.
Flexor/ extensor ratio of normalized activation for both two-handed backhand strokes.
Flexor/ Extensor Ratio
Drive volley (Mean ± SD)
Groundstroke (Mean ± SD)
p-value
Effect size
Preparation
Wrist joint
Leading arm
1.65 ± 0.49
1.54 ± 0.43
.51
0.22
Trailing arm
0.59 ± 0.35
0.74 ± 0.44
.01
*
0.38
Elbow joint
Leading arm
1.05 ± 0.94
0.96 ± 0.63
.56
0.11
Trailing arm
1.07 ± 0.54
1.29 ± 0.85
.10
0.31
Early Acceleration
Wrist joint
Leading arm
2.10 ± 1.94
1.45 ± 1.24
.06
0.40
Trailing arm
1.01 ± 0.87
1.25 ± 0.98
.03
*
0.25
Elbow joint
Leading arm
0.82 ± 0.43
1.23 ± 0.82
.14
0.62
Trailing arm
1.92 ± 1.32
1.92 ± 1.23
.98
0.00
Late Acceleration
Wrist joint
Leading arm
0.65 ± 0.33
0.52 ± 0.15
.12
0.50
Trailing arm
1.29 ± 0.62
1.38 ± 0.51
.47
0.16
Elbow joint
Leading arm
1.94 ± 1.10
1.94 ± 1.09
.99
0.01
Trailing arm
1.76 ± 1.46
1.81 ± 1.76
.74
0.03
Early Follow-through
Wrist joint
Leading arm
1.00 ± 0.96
0.90 ± 0.58
.68
0.12
Trailing arm
0.88 ± 0.38
0.94 ± 0.35
.34
0.18
Elbow joint
Leading arm
2.12 ± 1.63
1.95 ± 1.23
.49
0.12
Trailing arm
0.62 ± 0.45
0.62 ± 0.47
.98
0.00
Late Follow-through
Wrist joint
Leading arm
1.01 ± 1.04
1.26 ± 1.18
.10
0.22
Trailing arm
2.18 ± 1.65
2.88 ± 1.52
.09
0.44
Elbow joint
Leading arm
5.49 ± 2.43
3.95 ± 2.33
.01
*
0.65
Trailing arm
0.27 ± 0.17
0.21 ± 0.11
.40
0.39
*p < .05