Table 2. Summary of the number of arms, shoulders, legs and trunk muscles selected and investigated in swimming, in start and turn phases. Most of the studies investigated muscles from upper body, and then lower body, few of the studies conducted the investigations in trunk muscles, and mostly were investigated with unilateral side. Author (Year) Swimming Phase No. of muscles Arms Shoulders Legs Trunk BB TB BRR FCU FCR ECU PM UT LD AD PD DM RF BF TA GAS VL RA ES Rouard et al (1995) Swimming 100m 6 V V V V V V Stirn et al (2011) 100m 3 V V V Ikuta et al (2012) 200m 11 V V V V V V V V V V V Figueiredo et al (2013) 200m 8 V V V V V V V V Figueiredo et al (2013) 200m 7 V V V V V V V Lauer et al (2013) 200m 2 V V Martens et al (2015a) 25m 2 V V Martens et al (2016) 25m 2 V V Caty et al (2007) 25m semi-tethered 2 V V Matsuda et al (2016) Flutter Kick 2 V V Lomax et al (2014) Arms only 2 V V Yamakawa et al (2017) Start & Turn Dolphin Kick 6 V V V V V V Kobayashi et al (2016) Dolphin Kick 6 V V V V V V Pereira et al (2015) Turn Flip Turn 4 V V V V Abbreviations: AD: Anterior Deltoid; BB: Biceps Brachii; BF: Biceps Femoris; BRR: Brachioradialis; DM: Deltoideus Medialis; ECU: Extensor Carpi Ulnaris; ES: Erector Spinae; FCR: Flexor Carpi Radialis; FCU: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris; GAS: Gastrocnemius; LD: Latissimus Dorsi; PD: Posterior Deltoid; PM: Pectoralis Major; RA: Rectus Abdominis; RF: Rectus Femoris; TA: Tibialis Anterior; TB: Triceps Brachii; UT: Upper Trapezius; V: Investigated muscles; VL: Vastus Lateralis