Table 1. Descriptive statistics (mean ± one standard deviation) and comparison between seniors and juniors in the 50 m freestyle event. |
50 m freestyle |
|
Mean±1SD (Senior) |
Mean±1SD (Junior) |
Mean difference (95%CI) |
t (df) |
p |
d [descriptor] |
Worthwhile change [% of elite swimmers] |
50 m race [s] |
22.67±0.92 |
23.68±0.78 |
1.016 (0.765 to 1.268) |
7.962 (1,179) |
<0.001 |
1.18 [large] |
0.18 [0.81%] |
S0-15 m |
Speed [m·s-1] |
2.66±0.13 |
2.54±0.11 |
-0.125 (-0.161 to -0.089) |
-6.920 (1,178) |
<0.001 |
1.00 [large] |
0.03 [0.98%] |
S15-25 m |
Speed [m·s-1] |
2.11±0.08 |
1.99±0.07 |
-0.116 (-0.139 to -0.094) |
-10.138 (1,179) |
<0.001 |
1.60 [large] |
0.02 [0.76%] |
SF [Hz] |
1.03±0.05 |
1.01±0.07 |
-0.020 (-0.038 to -0.002) |
-2.182 (1,150) |
0.028 |
0.33 [moderate] |
0.01 [0.97%] |
SL [m] |
2.04±0.12 |
1.98±0.15 |
-0.069 (-0.108 to -0.023) |
-3.415 (1,158) |
0.001 |
0.44 [moderate] |
0.02 [1.18%] |
SI [m2·s-1] |
4.32±0.36 |
3.95±0.39 |
-0.374 (-0.484 to -0.264) |
-6.705 (1,179) |
<0.001 |
0.99 [large] |
0.07 [1.67%] |
S25-35 m |
Speed [m·s-1] |
2.07±0.08 |
1.95±0.06 |
-0.117 (-0.138 to -0.096) |
-10.882 (1,179) |
<0.001 |
1.70 [large] |
0.02 [0.77%] |
SF [Hz] |
1.01±0.05 |
0.98±0.07 |
-0.026 (-0.044 to -0.009) |
-2.893 (1,157) |
0.004 |
0.49 [moderate] |
0.01 [0.99%] |
SL [m] |
2.05±0.11 |
1.99±0.15 |
-0.060 (-0.099 to -0.020) |
-2.944 (1,154) |
0.003 |
0.46 [moderate] |
0.02 [1.07%] |
SI [m2·s-1] |
4.24±0.34 |
3.88±0.37 |
-0.359 (-0.463 to -0.254) |
-6.786 (1,179) |
<0.001 |
1.01 [large] |
0.07 [1.60%] |
S35-45 m |
Speed [m·s-1] |
2.01±0.09 |
1.93±0.06 |
-0.080 (-0.103 to -0.058) |
-7.064 (1,179) |
<0.001 |
1.05 [large] |
0.02 [0.90%] |
SF [Hz] |
0.98±0.06 |
0.95±0.06 |
-0.023 (-0.042 to -0.004) |
-2.392 (1,179) |
0.018 |
0.50 [large] |
0.01 [1.22%] |
SL [m] |
2.07±0.18 |
2.03±0.16 |
-0.035 (-0.085 to 0.015) |
-1.400 (1,179) |
0.163 |
0.23 [moderate] |
0.04 [1.74%] |
SI [m2·s-1] |
4.17±0.46 |
3.93±0.39 |
-0.240 (-0.364 to -0.115) |
-3.790 (1,179) |
<0.001 |
0.56 [large] |
0.04 [0.86%] |
S45-50 m |
Speed [m·s-1] |
1.83±0.08 |
1.86±0.07 |
0.038 (0.015 to 0.060) |
3.326 (1,179) |
0.001 |
0.40 [moderate] |
0.01 [0.75%] |
SF [Hz] |
0.95±0.07 |
0.93±0.05 |
-0.020 (-0.039 to -0.002) |
-2.234 (1,179) |
0.027 |
0.33 [moderate] |
0.02 [1.47%] |
SL [m] |
1.93±0.15 |
2.00±0.15 |
0.081 (0.038 to 0.125) |
3.712 (1,179) |
<0.001 |
0.47 [moderate] |
0.03 [1.50%] |
SI [m2·s-1] |
3.52±0.36 |
3.74±0.38 |
0.225 (0.116 to 0.333) |
4.082 (1,179) |
<0.001 |
0.59 [large] |
0.08 [2.03%] |
|
S – race section; SF – stroke frequency; SL – stroke length; SI – stroke index. t – t-test comparison; df – degree of freedom; p – significance level; d – Cohen’s d (effect size) |
|