Table 2. Pre- and post-test values as well as the results of the two-way ANOVA providing the time-effect and the time* group interaction
Parameter Pre-test (M ± SD) in N Post-test (M ± SD) in N % Pre-Post Differences Time effect Time * condition
FRpassive 127.40 ± 16.95 130.29 ± 17.17 +2.45 p = 0.003 p = 0.004*
SRpassive 126.13 ± 16.95 130.03 ± 17.12 +3.22 F54.1 = 9.423 F54.2 = 5.995
CGpassive 126.27 ± 17.86 125.19 ± 19.23 -0.97* Æž² = 0.149 Æž² = 0.182
FRdyn 95.69 ± 13.05 93.97 ± 12.34 -1.65 p = 0.121 p = 0.655
SRdyn 95.86 ± 9.00 93.55 ± 8.45 -2.28 F54.1 = 2.485 F54.2 = 0.426
CGdyn 98.61 ± 11.18 97.99 ± 19.98 -0.89 Æž² = 0.044 Æž² = 0.016
FRballistic 124.80 ± 15.31 120.08 ± 15.91 -3.83 p < 0.001 p = 0.248
SRballistic 125.92 ± 13.76 120.20 ± 14.82 -4.59 F54.1 = 48.564 F54.2 = 1.43
CGballistic 124.08 ± 13.34 121.01 ± 14.43 -2.53 Æž² = 0.473 Æž² = 0.05
FRKtW 10.87 ± 2.99 11.37 ± 2.86 +5.15 p < 0.001 p < 0.001*
SRKtW 10.83 ± 3.12 11.40 ± 3.00 +5.84 F54.1 = 20.256 F54.2 = 8.416
CGKtW 11.04 ± 3.00 10.95 ± 2.89 -0.61* Æž² = 0.273 Æž² = 0.238
FR=foam rolling, SR=sham rolling, CG=control group, passive=passive ROM testing in the hip flexor, dyn=active dynamic hip flexor ROM testing, ballistic=ballistic hip flexor ROM testing, KtW=knee to wall test to evaluate the ankle joint ROM.
Asterisks (*) illustrate a time * group interaction significant difference between the control condition versus the other two intervention conditions (FR and SR).