Table 1. The changes (mean±SD) in knee flection range of motion (ROM), pain pressure threshold (PPT), tissue hardness, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC-ISO), and maximal voluntary concentric contraction (MVC-CON) torques before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention. The two-way ANOVA results (T: time effects, C x T: condition x time interaction effects; P- and F- value) and partial η2p2) are shown in the right column.
60-s SS 60-s FR 30-s SS+30-s FR 30-s SS 30-s FR ANOVA results
POST
PRE POST PRE POST PRE POST PRE POST PRE
Knee flexion ROM (deg) 134.1 ± 7.0 136.9 ± 7.0* 134.9 ± 5.2 138.2 ± 5.9* 134.3 ± 6.0 137.3 ± 5.3* 133.5 ± 6.0 136.5 ± 5.8* 135.1 ± 5.9 137.4 ± 5.7* T: F = 175.9, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.73
C x T: F = 0.6, p = 0.66, ηp2 = 0.04
PPT (kg) 4.2 ± 1.1 5.2 ± 1.5* 4.3 ± 1.1 5.1 ± 1.4* 4.2 ± 1.3 5.6 ± 1.8* 4.6 ± 1.0 5.5 ± 1.5* 4.3 ± 1.4 5.1 ± 1.8* T: F = 102.8, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.61
C x T: F = 1.4, p = 0.23, ηp2 = 0.08
Tissue
Hardness (N)
16.6 ± 3.2 14.3 ± 2.6* 17.9 ± 3.4 15.7 ± 3.5* 16.9 ± 3.9 14.9 ± 3.6* 16.9 ± 2.8 15.3 ± 2.6* 18.4 ± 3.5 16.2 ± 2.7* T: F = 216.4, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.77
C x T: F = 0.8, p = 0.53, ηp2 = 0.05
MVC-ISO (Nm) 196.2 ± 37.3 185.2 ± 37.5* 198.7 ± 30.6 199.8 ± 38.4 200.6 ± 37.4 194.79 ± 34.9 200.0 ± 27.1 188.8 ± 22.8* 200.1 ± 31.2 199.8 ± 29.8 T: F = 17.0, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.21
C x T: F = 3.9, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.19
MVC-CON (Nm) 180.7 ± 32.0 179.7 ± 29.1 182.3 ± 28.1 184.6 ± 24.4 176.3 ± 26.7 180.3 ± 29.6 181.4 ± 24.9 181.1 ± 25.0 180.4 ± 28.3 181.6 ± 24.9 T: F = 0.9, p = 0.32, ηp2 = 0.02
C x T: F = 0.5, p = 0.70, ηp2 = 0.03
*: A significantly (p < 0.05) different from the PRE-value,
SS: static stretching, FR: foam rolling