Table 1. The changes (mean±SD) in knee flection range of motion (ROM), pain pressure threshold (PPT), tissue hardness, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC-ISO), and maximal voluntary concentric contraction (MVC-CON) torques before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention. The two-way ANOVA results (T: time effects, C x T: condition x time interaction effects; P- and F- value) and partial η2 (ηp2) are shown in the right column. |
|
60-s SS |
60-s FR |
30-s SS+30-s FR |
30-s SS |
30-s FR |
ANOVA results POST |
PRE |
POST |
PRE |
POST |
PRE |
POST |
|
PRE |
POST |
PRE |
Knee flexion ROM (deg) |
134.1 ± 7.0 |
136.9 ± 7.0* |
134.9 ± 5.2 |
138.2 ± 5.9* |
134.3 ± 6.0 |
137.3 ± 5.3* |
133.5 ± 6.0 |
136.5 ± 5.8* |
135.1 ± 5.9 |
137.4 ± 5.7* |
T: F = 175.9, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.73 C x T: F = 0.6, p = 0.66, ηp2 = 0.04 |
PPT (kg) |
4.2 ± 1.1 |
5.2 ± 1.5* |
4.3 ± 1.1 |
5.1 ± 1.4* |
4.2 ± 1.3 |
5.6 ± 1.8* |
4.6 ± 1.0 |
5.5 ± 1.5* |
4.3 ± 1.4 |
5.1 ± 1.8* |
T: F = 102.8, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.61 C x T: F = 1.4, p = 0.23, ηp2 = 0.08 |
Tissue Hardness (N) |
16.6 ± 3.2 |
14.3 ± 2.6* |
17.9 ± 3.4 |
15.7 ± 3.5* |
16.9 ± 3.9 |
14.9 ± 3.6* |
16.9 ± 2.8 |
15.3 ± 2.6* |
18.4 ± 3.5 |
16.2 ± 2.7* |
T: F = 216.4, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.77 C x T: F = 0.8, p = 0.53, ηp2 = 0.05 |
MVC-ISO (Nm) |
196.2 ± 37.3 |
185.2 ± 37.5* |
198.7 ± 30.6 |
199.8 ± 38.4 |
200.6 ± 37.4 |
194.79 ± 34.9 |
200.0 ± 27.1 |
188.8 ± 22.8* |
200.1 ± 31.2 |
199.8 ± 29.8 |
T: F = 17.0, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.21 C x T: F = 3.9, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.19 |
MVC-CON (Nm) |
180.7 ± 32.0 |
179.7 ± 29.1 |
182.3 ± 28.1 |
184.6 ± 24.4 |
176.3 ± 26.7 |
180.3 ± 29.6 |
181.4 ± 24.9 |
181.1 ± 25.0 |
180.4 ± 28.3 |
181.6 ± 24.9 |
T: F = 0.9, p = 0.32, ηp2 = 0.02 C x T: F = 0.5, p = 0.70, ηp2 = 0.03 |
|
*: A significantly (p < 0.05) different from the PRE-value, |
SS: static stretching, FR: foam rolling |
|