Table 4. Effects of stretching on changes in concentric muscle force and electromyographic activity.
Dependant variable
Streching method
Pre
Post 0 min
Post 20 min
Post 60 min
Concentric muscle force (Nm)
SS
92.0 ± 20.6
88.2 ± 20.1 *
87.5 ± 20.1 *
87.6 ± 20.2 *
Relative change
-
-4.1 ± 3.7
-4.9 ± 6.3
-4.7 ± 4.9
DS
91.4 ± 18.6
88.9 ± 18.8
89.7 ± 19.8†
88.2 ± 19.0
Relative change
-
-2.8 ± 6.2
-2.2 ± 6.3
-3.6 ± 6.9
SS-DS
88.4 ± 18.3
84.4 ± 18.3 *
84.9 ± 18.4 *
84.4 ± 17.4 *
Relative change
-
-4.7 ± 5.8
-4.0 ± 5.5
-4.2 ± 6.9
DS-SS
88.1 ± 17.6
84.6 ± 16.5 *
84.5 ± 18.0
84.5 ± 18.3 *
Relative change
-
-3.4 ± 7.4
-4.0 ± 7.9
-4.3 ± 6.3
RMS values (medial hamstrings) (μV)
SS
356.1 ± 107.2
323.1 ± 93.6 *
306.8 ± 104.6 *
305.7 ± 106.2 *
Relative change
-
-8.4 ± 12.1
-11.8 ± 22.1
-12.8 ± 19.5
DS
365.2 ± 106.7
330.7 ± 96.6 *
322.4 ± 95.7 *
316.2 ± 101.5 *
Relative change
-
-9.0 ± 11.4
-11.1 ± 13.0
-12.2 ± 16.3
SS-DS
373.5 ± 120.5
341.6 ± 126.8 *
328.9 ± 113.1 *
329.7 ± 120.9 *
Relative change
-
-9.0 ± 14.1
-11.3 ± 14.4
-11.0 ± 19.0
DS-SS
356.3 ± 115.9
313.6 ± 98.7 *
309.3 ± 106.7 *
325.9 ± 107.1 *
Relative change
-
-11.4 ± 6.3
-13.0 ± 12.9
-8.3 ± 10.5
RMS values (lateral hamstrings) (μV)
SS
288.4 ± 98.9
275.1 ± 107.6
265.8 ± 114.6
252.7 ± 99.7 *
Relative change
-
-5.4 ± 11.5
-8.9 ± 17.3
-12.7 ± 14.4
DS
290.8 ± 111.1
251.3 ± 89.5 *
247.9 ± 86.4 *
253.1 ± 98.7 *
Relative change
-
-11.8 ± 11.8
-12.8 ± 13.2
-12.2 ± 11.5
SS-DS
278.0 ± 103.0
259.9 ± 90.3
256.6 ± 89.5
256.7 ± 103.3
Relative change
-
-5.0 ± 10.0
-5.9 ± 13.9
-7.1 ± 18.4
DS-SS
271.1 ± 100.9
244.6 ± 100.4
241.7 ± 97.6
249.5 ± 110.6
Relative change
-
-8.4 ± 18.6
-8.9 ± 24.5
-6.9 ± 26.7
RMS, root mean square; SS, static stretching; DS, dynamic stretching; SS-DS, static stretching followed by dynamic stretching; DS-SS, dynamic stretching followed by static stretching. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.