Table 2. Within-group change and ANOVA results in blood analysis markers. |
|
HIFT1 (n = 4) |
HIFT2 (n = 8) |
HIFT3 (n = 9) |
ANOVA |
Pre
M (SD) |
Post
M (SD) |
Cohen’s d
[95% CI] |
Pre
M (SD) |
Post
M (SD) |
Cohen’s d
[95% CI] |
Pre
M (SD) |
Post
M (SD) |
Cohen’s d
[95% CI] |
Group
p-value |
Time
p-value |
G×T
p-value |
GLU
(mg/dL) |
107.8
(22.8) |
98.3
(17.0) |
0.98
[-0.30, 2.17] |
100.3
(7.0) |
95.4
(8.5) |
1.00
[0.12, 1.85] |
99.8
(5.2) |
98.1
(9.6) |
0.23
[-0.44, 0.88] |
0.711 |
0.004 |
0.197 |
INS
(mcIU/mL) |
12.6
(6.7) |
9.2
(2.5) |
0.78
[-0.41, 1.88] |
18.2
(15.4) |
9.8
(4.6) |
0.58
[-0.19, 1.32] |
12.5
(4.0) |
11.4
(4.6) |
0.52
[-0.19, 1.21] |
0.687 |
0.061 |
0.292 |
HOMA-IR
(mg/dL) |
3.6
(2.7) |
2.3
(1.1) |
0.77
[-0.41, 1.88] |
4.5
(3.5) |
2.4
(1.2) |
0.64
[-0.15, 1.39] |
3.1
(1.1) |
2.8
(1.3) |
0.40
[-0.30, 1.07] |
0.839 |
0.029 |
0.262 |
| HbA1c (%) |
5.8
(0.2) |
5.7
(0.2) |
0.39
[-0.66, 1.38] |
5.5
(0.3) |
5.5
(0.2) |
0.23
[-0.48, 0.92] |
5.8
(0.4) |
5.7
(0.3) |
0.20
[-0.47, 0.86] |
0.171 |
0.313 |
0.979 |
ApoB
(mg/dL) |
113.0
(31.1) |
110.5
(25.2) |
0.24
[-0.78, 1.22] |
90.5
(19.6) |
85.4
(12.9) |
0.35
[-0.38, 1.05] |
111.7
(25.1) |
107.4
(19.8) |
0.39
[-0.30, 1.06] |
0.082 |
0.187 |
0.942 |
TC
(mg/dL) |
212.3
(27.8) |
210.5
(24.3) |
0.11
[-0.80, 1.08] |
193.4
(58.3) |
188.3
(33.7) |
0.17
[-0.53, 0.87] |
220.8
(50.0) |
213.8
(40.0) |
0.44
[-0.26, 1.11] |
0.435 |
0.387 |
0.927 |
LDL-C
(mg/dL) |
133.8
(36.9) |
126.5
(35.6) |
0.65
[-0.49, 1.71] |
112.6
(42.5) |
109.9
(24.7) |
0.12
[-0.59, 0.81] |
140.4
(32.3) |
137.4
(28.1) |
0.21
[-0.46, 0.87] |
0.223 |
0.321 |
0.912 |
VLDL-C
(mg/dL) |
28.3
(25.7) |
29.8
(16.7) |
0.15
[-1.13, 0.85] |
29.3
(14.6) |
24.4
(11.5) |
0.37
[-0.36, 1.08] |
25.0
(9.9) |
21.6
(7.3) |
0.38
[-0.31, 1.05] |
0.705 |
0.383 |
0.636 |
HDL-C
(mg/dL) |
46.0
(17.5) |
46.8
(11.8) |
0.11
[-1.09, 0.88] |
51.5
(21.3) |
54.0
(15.0) |
0.27
[-0.96, 0.45] |
51.6
(20.2) |
50.8
(22.1) |
0.13
[-0.53, 0.78] |
0.858 |
0.634 |
0.660 |
TG
(mg/dL) |
179.0
(167.7) |
184.0
(129.5) |
0.12
[-1.09, 0.88] |
172.3
(63.3) |
148.1
(44.5) |
0.57
[-0.20, 1.31] |
145.0
(53.3) |
133.0
(48.5) |
0.39
[-0.30, 1.06] |
0.634 |
0.251 |
0.460 |
LDL-T
(mg/dL) |
63.3
(56.6) |
46.5
(24.5) |
0.52
[-0.58, 1.54] |
42.5
(10.3) |
32.4
(6.4) |
1.59
[0.50, 2.64] |
39.7
(9.5) |
39.8
(12.4) |
0.01
[-0.67, 0.64] |
0.304 |
0.020 |
0.162 |
VLDL-T
(mg/dL) |
99.0
(106.4) |
96.3
(62.5) |
0.06
[-0.93, 1.04] |
110.4
(56.1) |
98.0
(42.3) |
0.35
[-0.38, 1.05] |
86.1
(41.2) |
77.8
(35.9) |
0.39
[-0.31, 1.05] |
0.667 |
0.312 |
0.888 |
| TG/HDL-C ratio |
5.1
(6.1) |
4.7
(4.5) |
0.25
[-0.77, 1.23] |
4.2
(2.7) |
3.2
(1.9) |
0.86
[0.02, 1.66] |
3.3
(1.8) |
3.2
(1.8) |
0.11
[-0.55, 0.76] |
0.648 |
0.096 |
0.358 |
|
High-intensity functional training (HIFT). One-day per week (HIFT1). Two-days per week (HIFT2). Three-days per week (HIFT3). Glucose (GLU). Insulin (INS). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Total cholesterol (TC). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Triglyceride (TG). Low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (LDL-T). Very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-T). Group by time interaction (G×T). |
|