Table 4. Differences in muscle activity between HPS and HSP.
Muscle
Intensity
Beginner
Advanced
Elite
HPS (%MVIC)
HSP (%MVIC)
HPS (%MVIC)
HSP (%MVIC)
HPS (%MVIC)
HSP (%MVIC)
VL
50% 1-RM
Mean
161.72
162.98
200.14
347.69
355.34
229.35
SD
78.06
66.63
110.41
433.84
361.10
125.90
P
0.721
0.799
0.753
Hedges‘g
0.02
0.47
0.47
70% 1-RM
Mean
183.34
177.61
371.76
296.96
232.42
258.21
SD
70.96
73.35
374.29
246.56
166.54
127.68
P
0.646
0.139
0.345
Hedges‘g
0.08
0.24
0.17
90% 1-RM
Mean
184.20
169.07
337.64
297.68
279.68
308.30
SD
67.51
85.82
276.45
342.17
224.60
279.68
P
0.575
0.333
0.345
Hedges‘g
0.20
0.13
0.14
GM
50% 1-RM
Mean
102.43
115.92
142.50
125.22
135.18
169.33
SD
94.50
50.27
112.90
80.28
81.17
134.25
P
0.182
0.386
0.345
Hedges’g
0.18
0.18
0.31
70% 1-RM
Mean
130.88
153.79
159.29
189.33
192.78
164.75
SD
94.50
99.62
124.30
179.64
135.16
112.78
P
0.477
0.386
0.917
Hedges’g
0.24
0.19
0.23
90% 1-RM
Mean
141.19
165.12
143.97
183.92
249.03
207.87
SD
120.77
179.79
71.51
202.54
161.38
233.46
P
0.657
0.953
0.345
Hedges’g
0.16
0.26
0.21
RA
50% 1-RM
Mean
132.30
50.30
125.63
49.19
231.29
169.27
SD
240.25
44.51
121.07
42.74
389.60
247.92
P
0.213
0.059
0.753
Hedges‘g
0.47
0.84
0.19
70% 1-RM
Mean
63.24
37.82
114.74
129.32
70.52
121.23
SD
106.33
42.14
134.45
200.52
53.18
102.85
P
0.445
0.959
0.075
Hedges’g
0.32
0.09
0.62
90% 1-RM
Mean
95.32
64.93
120.70
144.87
186.08
240.58
SD
164.57
88.98
138.22
211.84
131.53
385.17
P
0.169
0.721
0.753
Hedges‘g
0.23
0.14
0.19
ES
50% 1-RM
Mean
158.05
131.26
175.69
101.97
294.28
147.35
SD
264.05
166.40
134.95
99.91
152.77
147.64
P
0.721
0.047*
0.043*
Hedges‘g
0.12
0.62
0.98
70% 1-RM
Mean
152.22
136.82
193.99
175.52
337.02
141.21
SD
201.86
185.73
134.95
212.25
268.49
150.60
P
0.155
0.241
0.043*
Hedges‘g
0.08
0.10
0.87
90% 1-RM
Mean
215.68
144.53
142.79
141.28
371.62
211.80
SD
321.69
185.68
72.54
106.05
271.60
190.72
P
0.026*
0.878
0.043*
Hedges‘g
0.27
0.02
0.67
TZ
50% 1-RM
Mean
119.57
112.60
63.29
54.32
71.69
78.58
SD
79.96
97.90
20.82
20.74
23.21
27.10
P
0.722
0.333
0.028*
Hedges‘g
0.08
0.43
0.27
70% 1-RM
Mean
109.64
105.92
70.61
56.59
75.14
91.47
SD
91.53
78.37
32.01
29.02
39.50
40.39
P
0.657
0.169
0.116
Hedges‘g
0.04
0.46
0.41
90% 1-RM
Mean
94.91
104.71
65.61
61.19
78.86
80.91
SD
62.79
95.46
29.87
27.19
43.16
34.97
P
0.790
0.721
0.600
Hedges‘g
0.12
0.15
0.05
Values are presented as mean ± SD; MVIC = maximal voluntary isometric contraction; VL = M. vastus lateralis; GM = M. gluteus maximus; RA = M. rectus abdominis; ES = M. erector spinae; TZ = M. trapezius.