Table 1. Eligibility criteria based on PICOS.
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
Population Gymnasts from any speciality, competitive level, age, or sex, with a minimum requirement of being at least tier 2 (trained/developmental) on the Participants Classification Framework (McKay et al., 2022). Excluded from the analysis were individuals falling into categories such as other athletes, participants without formal gymnastics training. Additionally, studies incorporating mixed populations, where results included as example volleyball and gymnastics, were excluded due to the absence of stratification within these cohorts.
Intervention/exposure Warm-up strategies exclusively using (1) static stretching; (2) dynamic stretching; (3) post-activation potentiation (PAPE) through intense voluntary contraction; and (4) vibration platforms (VP). The exclusion criteria involved studies incorporating combined approaches, specifically those featuring a combination of static and dynamic stretching, interventions where post-activation potentiation (PAPE) included stretching, or instances where other combinations with diverse training approaches were employed.
Comparator Comparators were meticulously selected for both scenarios, whether involving cross-over designs or parallel studies. Passive controls, representing a parallel group or condition with comparable characteristics but not exposed to any warm-up intervention, were considered. Additionally, active controls were incorporated, representing a parallel group or condition in which gymnasts were exposed to alternative approaches (e.g., VP, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation). The exclusion criteria involved studies incorporating combined approaches.
Outcomes We focused on parameters related to acute gymnastic performance, including athletic physical performance (e.g., jumping performance, muscular power, range of motion), technical performance (e.g., executing specific gymnastics technical exercises), and cognitive/mental performance (e.g., increasing attentional focus, cognitive arousal), assessed at least in two time-points (control and after exposure to intervention). Chronic adaptations or outcomes beyond those delineated in the inclusion criteria (e.g., well-being).
Study design The review will include studies that utilize either experimental or observational studies, either parallel or crossover. Non-controlled studies.