Journal of Sports Science and Medicine

Study

Variable

Control (C)

PNF

Comparison (%)

Comparison (p-value*)

Comparison (ES)

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

SDEO COPEAP (mm)

6.56 ± 3.51

N/A

5.20 ± 1.58

N/A

CvsDS: -20.73%

p > 0.05

-0.36

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

SDEO COPEML (mm)

6.94 ± 5.83

N/A

5.45 ± 2.68

N/A

CvsDS: -21.61%

p > 0.05

-0.24

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

SDEO PLAP (mm)

32.11 ± 5.08

N/A

24.38 ± 9.48

N/A

CvsDS: -24.00%

p > 0.05

-0.81

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

SDEO PLML (mm)

35.05 ± 29.76

N/A

25.62 ± 14.29

N/A

CvsDS: -27.07%

p > 0.05

-0.66

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

SSEO COPEAP (mm)

6.51 ± 1.23

N/A

6.64 ± 2.15

N/A

CvsDS: 2.00%

p > 0.05

0.11

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

SSEO COPEML (mm)

7.03 ± 0.99

N/A

8.21 ± 4.01

N/A

CvsDS: 16.80%

p > 0.05

0.42

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

SSEO PLAP (mm)

30.06 ± 8.87

N/A

30.73 ± 10.35

N/A

CvsDS: 2.23%

p > 0.05

0.08

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

SSEO PLML (mm)

55.27 ± 24.26

N/A

48.69 ± 39.44

N/A

CvsDS: -11.86%

p > 0.05

-0.24

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

DDEO COPEAP (mm)

6.84 ± 1.89

N/A

6.68 ± 1.77

N/A

CvsDS: -2.34%

p > 0.05

-0.13

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

DDEO COPEML (mm)

6.52 ± 1.68

N/A

6.07 ± 1.62

N/A

CvsDS: -6.90%

p > 0.05

-0.28

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

DDEO PLAP (mm)

30.39 ± 8.03

N/A

28.98 ± 7.42

N/A

CvsDS: -4.63%

p > 0.05

-0.18

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

DDEO PLML (mm)

33.21 ± 8.77

N/A

28.25 ± 7.98

N/A

CvsDS: -14.96%

p > 0.05

-0.57

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

DSEO COPEAP (mm)

6.72 ± 1.17

N/A

7.26 ± 2.55

N/A

CvsDS: 8.04%

p > 0.05

0.23

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

DSEO COPEML (mm)

8.03 ± 1.19

N/A

8.34 ± 3.75

N/A

CvsDS: 3.87%

p > 0.05

0.08

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

DSEO PLAP (mm)

31.56 ± 5.47

N/A

34.04 ± 13.44

N/A

CvsDS: 7.85%

p > 0.05

0.22

Ahmadabadi et al., 2015

DSEO PLML (mm)

40.93 ± 7.62

N/A

41.45 ± 21.12

N/A

CvsDS: 1.27%

p > 0.05

0.05

Dallas et al., 2014b

Sit and reach (cm)

N/A

39.00 ± 4.85

N/A

36.77±6.26

39.44±4.55

SSvsVP: -5.72%
SSvsPNF: 1.13%
VPvsPNF: 7.28%

p > 0.05
p > 0.05
p = 0.002

-0.45
0.09
0.43

Dallas et al., 2014a

Sit and reach (cm)

N/A

30.23 ± 6.67

N/A

31.11±5.27

N/A

SSvsVP: 2.91%

0.14

Papia et al., 2018

Hip range of motion (angle)

16.3 ± 3.7

18.2 ± 4.2

N/A

CvsSS: 11.66%

p = 0.002

0.48

Papia et al., 2018

Knee range of motion (angle)

26.6 ± 2.7

25.9 ± 3.0

N/A

CvsSS: -2.63%

p = 0.218

-0.26

Zaggelidou et al., 2023

Bicep range of motion (angle)

N/A

133.21 ± ND

144.50 ± ND

N/A

SSvsDS: 8.48%

p < 0.001

N/A

Zaggelidou et al., 2023

Quadricep range of motion (angle)

N/A

156.29 ± ND

158.21 ± ND

N/A

SSvsDS: 1.23%

N/A

Zaggelidou et al., 2023

Ankle range of motion (angle)

N/A

42.14 ± ND

43.50 ± ND

N/A

SSvsDS: 3.23%

N/A

Dallas et al., 2021

Contact time (ms)

0.207 ± 0.01

N/A

0.207 ± 0.01

N/A

0.202 ± 0.01

CvsDS: 0.00%
CvsPNF: -2.42%
DSvsPNF: -2.42%

ND
ND
ND

N/A
-0.51
-0.51

Dallas et al., 2021

Flight time (s)

0.111 ± 0.02

N/A

0.113 ± 0.02

N/A

0.109±0.02

CvsDS: 1.80%
CvsPNF: -1.80%
DSvsPNF: -3.54%

ND
ND
ND

0.10
-0.10
-0.20

Dallas et al., 2021

Step rate (Hz)

3.141 ± 0.18

N/A

3.121 ± 0.17

N/A

3.220±0.22

CvsDS: -0.64%
CvsPNF: 2.52%
DSvsPNF: 3.17%

ND
ND
ND

-0.11
0.44
0.55

Dallas et al., 2021

Step length (hz)

1.418 ± 0.08

N/A

1.420 ± 0.07

N/A

1.385±0.09

CvsDS: 0.14%
CvsPNF: -2.32%
DSvsPNF: -2.46%

ND
ND
ND

0.19
-0.39
-0.42

Dallas et al., 2021

Change in leg length (m)

0.182 ± 0.01

N/A

0.183 ± 0.01

N/A

0.173±0.02

CvsDS: 0.55%
CvsPNF: -4.95%
DSvsPNF: -5.46%

ND
ND
ND

0.17
-0.45
-0.50

Dallas et al., 2021

Vertical displacement of the center of mass (m)

0.0506 ± 0.01

N/A

0.0512 ± 0.01

N/A

0.0484±0.01

CvsDS: 1.19%
CvsPNF: -4.36%
DSvsPNF: -5.47%

ND
ND
ND

0.07
-0.28
-0.33

Dallas et al., 2021

Leg stiffness (km/m)

7.51 ± 1.34

N/A

7.51 ± 1.34

N/A

7.90±1.47

CvsDS: 0.00%
CvsPNF: 5.19%
DSvsPNF: 5.19%

ND
ND
ND

N/A
0.28
0.28

Dallas et al., 2021

Vertical stiffness (km/m)

27.016 ± 3.34

N/A

27.016 ± 3.34

N/A

28.427±4.13

CvsDS: 0.00%
CvsPNF: 5.22%
DSvsPNF: 5.22%

ND
ND
ND

N/A
0.35
0.35

Dallas et al., 2021

Maximal ground reaction force

1.357±0.17

N/A

1.357±0.17

N/A

1.356±0.17

CvsDS: 0.00%
CvsPNF: -0.07%
DSvsPNF: -0.07%

ND
ND
ND

N/A
-0.01
-0.01

Manso et al., 2015

Maximum radial deformation or displacement of the muscle belly

N/A

39.72±9.00

N/A

38.83±10.74

N/A

SSvsVP: -2.24%

-0.10

Manso et al., 2015

Speed of response at 3 mm deformation

N/A

8.69±2.58

N/A

8.79±2.44

N/A

SSvsVP: 1.15%

0.04

Manso et al., 2015

Length of time for which the contraction was maintained

N/A

132.6±20.48

N/A

134.25±19.03

N/A

SSvsVP: 1.22%

0.07

Manso et al., 2015

relaxation time

N/A

59.31±15.68

N/A

56.48±20.71

N/A

SSvsVP: -4.76%

-0.15

*p-value extracted from the original article; ES: effect size calculated using standardized Cohen d; %: percentage of difference between conditions; SDEO: Static Double Eyes Open; SSEO: Static Single Eyes Open; DDEO: Dynamic Double Eyes Open; DSEO: Dynamic Single Eyes Open; N/A: Not applicable; SS: static stretching; DS: dynamic stretching; VP: vibration platform; PNF: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation; ND: not described