Table 1. Effects of music timing on fatigue perception, performance, and physiological changes
Plank-hold
(n =12)
Wall-sit
(n =12)
p-value
η2p
MEE
MDF
CON
p-value
η2p
MEE
MDF
CON
TTE
(sec)
171.0 ±
40.9*
163.1 ±
58.3
144.8 ±
43.5
0.05
0.22
294.8 ±
117.2*
278.7 ±
106.9^
222.0 ±
88.1
<0.01
0.46
TFP
(sec)
105.2 ±
27.1*#
81.2 ±
27.8
89.8 ±
29.4
0.02
0.30
137.8 ±
38.9*
122.6 ±
45.6
111.8 ±
42.2
0.01
0.36
∆ Heart
rate (bpm)
41.0 ±
14.0
38.2 ±
14.9
37.6 ±
9.9
0.44
0.07
40.5 ±
9.5
37 ± 11.1
35.8 ±
9.3
0.20
0.14
∆ Lactate
(mmol/L)
1.5 ±
1.1
1.6 ±
0.8
1.4 ±
1.0
0.67
0.04
0.7 ±
0.5
0.9 ±
0.6
0.8 ±
0.6
0.78
0.02
Values are presented as the mean ± SD. ∆ Heart rate = post-exercise heart rate – baseline heart rate; ∆ Lactate = post-exercise lactate level – baseline lactate level.
*p < 0.05 between MEE and CON
#p < 0.05 between MEE and MDF
^p < 0.05 between MDF and CON. MEE: music played during the entire exercise task; MDF: music played during fatigue only; CON: no music; TFP: Time to onset of fatigue perception; TTE: Total time to volitional exhaustion