Table 2. Oxygen consumption (V̇O2), heart rate (HR) and minute ventilation (V̇E) before, during and after exercise in older (O60) and younger (U40) endurance-trained individuals.
HR (bpm) Double-leg cycling Single-leg cycling Main effect
O60 U40 O60 U40
PRE 76 ± 11 78 ± 10 76 ± 10 80 ± 15
INT 1 139 ± 11 158 ± 7 130 ± 10 144 ± 10 †  *
POST INT 1 140 ± 16 161 ± 7 130 ± 12 147 ± 11 †  *
INT 2 149 ± 10 167 ± 5 141 ± 9 158 ± 9 †  *
POST INT 2 152 ± 12 169 ± 5 141 ± 11 157 ± 8 †  *
3 min 93 ± 9 105 ± 11 88 ± 8 98 ± 12 †  *
5 min 92 ± 8 102 ± 12 85 ± 8 91 ± 11 †  *
9 min 92 ± 8 99 ± 10 87 ± 8 91 ± 10
V̇O2 (L/min) O60 U40 O60 U40 Main effect
PRE 0.38 ± 0.08 0.45 ± 0.1 0.36 ± 0.09 0.39 ± 0.1 † 
INT 1 2.35 ± 0.48 3.19 ± 0.71 1.93 ± 0.38 2.24 ± 0.56 †  *‡
POST INT 1 2.35 ± 0.63 2.91 ± 0.67 1.89 ± 0.45 2.11 ± 0.62 †  ‡
INT 2 2.73 ± 0.48 3.56 ± 0.77 2.24 ± 0.45 2.6 ± 0.61 †  *‡
POST INT 2 2.55 ± 0.42 3.03 ± 0.67 2.03 ± 0.52 2.29 ± 0.56 † 
3 min 0.55 ± 0.11 0.64 ± 0.16 0.45 ± 0.1 0.52 ± 0.13 † 
5 min 0.5 ± 0.09 0.63 ± 0.18 0.38 ± 0.1 0.47 ± 0.13 †  *‡
9 min 0.39 ± 0.08 0.49 ± 0.15 0.34 ± 0.07 0.41 ± 0.09 †  *
V̇E (L/min) O60 U40 O60 U40 Main effect
PRE 14 ± 4 16 ± 5 12 ± 3 13 ± 4 † 
INT 1 83 ± 23 112 ± 27 74 ± 19 82 ± 26 † 
POST INT 1 89 ± 27 112 ± 27 74 ± 20 79 ± 27 †  ‡
INT 2 101 ± 22 131 ± 29 91 ± 24 102 ± 27 †  ‡
POST INT 2 98 ± 22 116 ± 26 82 ± 26 88 ± 25 † 
3 min 27 ± 7 32 ± 8 19 ± 5 23 ± 6 † 
5 min 20 ± 4 27 ± 6 16 ± 4 18 ± 4 †  *
9 min 16 ± 4 20 ± 5 13 ± 3 16 ± 5 †  *
V̇O2, oxygen consumption; HR, heart rate; V̇E, minute ventilation. Values are presented as mean ± SD.
*, Main effect of age, comparisons made between all older and all younger subjects, regardless of modality.
† , Main effect of modality, comparisons made between DL and SL cycling, regardless of age.
‡, Interaction effect between modality and age