Table 3. Comparison between groups from baseline to post-intervention (6 weeks). The data are mean ± standard deviation.
Outcome Baseline 6-Weeks Baseline P-value* η2 Post hoc
SG (n = 17) BG (n = 17) CG (n = 17) SG (n = 17) BG (n = 17) CG (n = 17)
TSK 43.3 ± 3.5 43.7 ± 3.7 42.5 ± 5.1 39.9 ± 4.0 36.8 ± 3.0 40.0 ± 4.5 0.006 0.125 b>a, c
CAIT 20.2 ± 4.1 21.3 ± 3.7 22.2 ± 2.8 25.3 ± 4.1 25.5 ± 2.2 22.8 ± 3.3 0.005 0.133 a, b>c
Ankle strength
PF 308.8 ± 86.9 295.6 ± 70.6 292.2 ± 75.0c 370.8 ± 81.3 335.8 ± 51.5 308.6 ± 58.5 0.095 0.140
DF 195.2 ± 34.8 210.7 ± 62.1 192.7 ± 37.7 251.8 ± 39.5 247.3 ± 27.7 212.0 ± 38.8 0.025 0.208 a, b>c
EV 105.2 ± 20.3 102.3 ± 26.0 88.6 ± 21.3 122.6 ± 30.0 120.4 ± 28.5 110.7 ± 37.2 0.887 0.027
IV 127.7 ± 30.1 140.2 ± 30.3 131.9 ± 45.8 190.6 ± 35.5 195.7 ± 34.2 150 ± 48.1 <0.001 0.219 a, b>c
SEBT 93.4 ± 6.3 98.3 ± 6.0 96.5 ± 10.0 104.2 ± 4.3 102.6 ± 6.2 100.3 ± 6.4 0.005 0.080
Static balance
Ellipse 2215 ± 580.6 1948.2 ± 7025 2109.9 ± 669 1833.2 ± 4689 1377.8 ± 429.5 2201.7± 647.9 0.039 0.305 b>a>c
Displacement 891.5 ± 150.5 913 ± 196.1 984.1 ± 163.4 776.2 ± 160.6 745.3 ± 182.1 947.3 ± 168.6 0.041 0.224 a, b>c
Velocity 88.6 ± 14.9 90.7 ± 19.5 97.7 ± 16.4 77.1 ± 16.0 74 ± 18.1 85.3 ± 21.1 0.634 0.066
Performance
Figure-8 9.8 ± 0.9 9.7 ± 0.4 9.6 ± 0.6 8.8 ± 0.8 8.9 ± 0.5 9.4 ± 0.5 <0.001 0.184 a, b>c
Side hop 6.9 ± 1.0 7.2 ± 0.7 7.2 ± 0.6 5.6 ± 0.6 6 ± 0.5 7.4 ± 0.6 <0.001 0.644 a, b>c
BG, balance group; CAIT, Cumberland ankle instability tool; CG, control group; DF, dorsiflexion; EV, eversion; IV, inversion; PF, plantar flexion; SEBT, star excursion balance test; SG, strength group; TSK, Tempa scale of kinesiophobia; a, SG; b, BG; c, CG; the level of statistical significance is indicated in bold.
* Interaction effect (group × time) through two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.
† Post hoc Duncan’s test.