Table 4. Mean change from baseline to post-intervention (6 weeks) (95% CI).
Outcome SG (n = 17) BG (n = 17) CG (n = 17)
Δ# 95% CI d Δ# 95% CI d Δ# 95% CI d
TSK 3.4** 1.5-5.4 0.9 6.9*** 4.9-8.8 2.0 2.5* 0.5-4.4 0.5
CAIT 5.1*** 3.2-7.1 1.2 4.2*** 2.2-6.1 1.4 0.6 -1.3-2.6 0.2
Ankle strength
PF 62.1*** 32.9-91.3 0.7 40.2** 11.0-69.4 0.7 16.4 -12.8-45.6 0.2
DF 56.6*** 37.9-75.4 1.5 36.6*** 17.8-55.3 0.8 19.3* 0.5-38.1 0.5
EV 17.4* 2.6-32.2 0.7 18.1* 3.3-32.9 0.7 22.1** 7.3-37.0 0.7
IV 62.9*** 48.5-77.3 1.9 55.5*** 41.2-69.9 1.7 18.1* 3.7-32.5 0.4
SEBT 10.9*** 7.6-14.2 2.0 4.3* 1.0-7.6 0.7 3.7* 0.4-7.0 0.4
Static balance
Ellipse 381.8* 13.5-750.1 0.7 570.4** 202.2-938.7 1.0 -91.8 -460.1-276.5 0.1
Displacement 115.3** 43.7-186.8 0.7 167.7*** 96.2-239.3 0.9 36.9 -34.7-108.4 0.2
Velocity 11.5** 3.2-19.8 0.7 16.7*** 8.4-25.1 0.9 12.4** 4.0-20.7 0.7
Performance
Figure-8 1.0*** 0.7-1.3 1.2 0.9*** 0.6-1.1 1.9 0.2 <0.1-0.5 0.4
Side-hop 1.3*** 0.9-1.7 1.6 1.2*** 0.8-1.6 2.0 -0.2 -0.6-0.2 0.4
BG, balance group; CAIT, Cumberland ankle instability tool; CG, control group; CI, confidence interval; DF, dorsiflexion; EV, eversion; IV, inversion; PF, plantar flexion; SEBT, star excursion balance test; SG, strength group; TSK, Tampa scale of kinesiophobia;
# Mean change from baseline to post-intervention (6 weeks)
† Cohen’s d effect size
***P < 0.001
**P < 0.01
*P < 0.05