Table 1. The changes in dorsiflexion range of motion (DF ROM), passive torque at DF ROM, passive stiffness of muscle-tendon unit, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) Percussive Massage (PM) and PM with Heat (Heat PM) conditions. |
|
PM
condition |
Heat
PM condition |
ANOVA
results
P value, F value, ηp2 |
| PRE |
POST |
PRE |
POST |
| DF
ROM (°) |
23.6
± 12.2 |
30.9
± 12.1 |
25.8
± 10.7 |
32.1
± 11.1 |
T:
p < 0.01, F = 96.6, ηp2 = 0.775 |
| d
= 0.60 |
d
= 0.58 |
C x T:
p = 0.49, F = 0.485, ηp2 = 0.017 |
| Passive
torque at DF ROM (Nm) |
28.2
± 10.2 |
34.0
± 9.2 |
28.7
± 7.2 |
33.5
± 9.9 |
T:
p < 0.01, F = 25.1, ηp2 = 0.473 |
| d
= 0.60 |
d
= 0.56 |
C x T:
p = 0.63, F = 0.237, ηp2 = 0.008 |
| Passive
stiffness (Nm/°) |
0.58
± 0.24 |
0.49
± 0.16 |
0.56
± 0.17 |
0.48
± 0.15 |
T:
p < 0.01, F = 34.7, ηp2 = 0.553 |
| d
= -0.45 |
d
= -0.54 |
C x T:
p = 0.898, F = 0.017, ηp2 < 0.01 |
| MVIC
(Nm) |
153.4
± 31.8 |
156.7
± 31.6 |
149.5
± 26.5 |
149.2
± 24.7 |
T:
p = 0.27, F = 1.26, ηp2 = 0.043 |
| d
= 0.10 |
d
= -0.10 |
C x T:
p = 0.18, F = 1.90, ηp2 = 0.064 |
|
The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results (T: time effect, C x T: condition x time interaction effect; F-value) and partial η2 (ηp2) are shown in the right column. d: effect size. *: significantly different from PRE value (p <0.05) |
|