Table S1. Intervention program implemented as part of the research project “Analysis of Anxiety and Stress Responses in Volleyball Referees”.
Format Organizational Aspects Content Thematic Focus Theoretical Foundation
Part 1: Group workshop

- Right before or after refereeing a match

- Duration: 45 min

1. Getting to know and meeting where they are

2. Psycho-education (Lazarus’ stress model)

3. Exercise: Mindful Breathing Relaxation

4. Discussing Expectations, Preferences

1. Relationship and trust building

2. Psycho-education

3. Mindfulness

4.Relationship and trust building

1. Sharp et al. (2015)

2. Lazarus & Folkman (1984)

3. Baltzell & Summers (2018)

4. Sharp et al. (2015)

3- to 5-week break
Part 2: Individual session

- Individually scheduled appointment

- Based on availability during the week, in the evening or, potentially on the weekend

- Zoom Video call

- Duration: 60 min

1. Meeting where they are, reflecting what’s happened

2. Review of stress model (Lazarus)

3. Exercise: ABC model

4. Lessons Learned, Next Steps, Transfer

1. Relationship and trust building

2. Psycho education

3. Cognitive Re-Appraisal

4. Soliciting Feedback and Key Takeaways

1. Sharp et al. (2015)

2. Lazarus & Folkman (1984)

3. Ellis (1993)

4. Høigaard & Johansen (2004)

3- to 5-week break
Part 3: Group workshop

- Group workshop with multiple participants

- Date and location based on participants availability

- Key criteria: short travel for everyone, no scheduling conflicts for everyone

- Usually scheduled on a Saturday

- Duration: 180 min

1. Meeting where they are, reflecting what’s happened, preliminary summary

2. Review of stress model (Lazarus)

3. Worksheet: Resources and Coping Strategies

4. Exercise: Body Language

5. Exercise: Self access (Somatic Markers)

6. Worksheet: Letting go of mistakes

7. Exercise: Short Breathing Relaxation

8. Summary, Next Steps, Transfer

1. Relationship and trust building, soliciting feedback

2. Psycho-education

3. Resource Activation, Coping Strategy

4. Embodiment

5. Embodiment

6. Resource Activation, Coping Strategy

7. Emotion Regulation

8. Soliciting Feedback

1. Sharp et al. (2015), Høigaard & Johansen (2004)

2. Lazarus & Folkman (1984)

3. Semmer & Zapf (2018)

4./5. Beckmann & Ehrlenspiel (2018), Storch et al. (2006)

6. Loehr (1989), Brückner (2019)

7. Pineschi & Di Pietro (2013)

8. Høigaard & Johansen (2004)

3- to 5-week break
Part 4: Individual session

- Individually scheduled appointment

- Based on availability during the week, in the evening or, potentially on the weekend

- Zoom Video call

- Duration: 60 min

1. Meeting where they are, reflecting what’s happened

2. Review of stress model (Lazarus)

3. General Feedback Coaching-Input, -Process and -Methods

4. Feedback on specific Coaching-Interventions

5. Sustainable Transfer and Take-Home Messages

1. Relationship and trust building

2. Psycho-education

3. Systematic Reflection

4. Systematic Reflection

5. Soliciting Overall Feedback

1. Sharp et al. (2015)

2. Lazarus & Folkman (1984)

3. Ellis et al. (2014)

4. Ellis et al. (2014)

5. Høigaard & Johansen (2004)