| Lopez-Valenciano et al. (2018) |
Any muscle (traumatic) |
- Demographics and Injury History (Age, BMI, Injury history, Sleep, Level of play)
- Psychological and Perceptual Variables
(Sport devaluation, Sleep quality)
- Physical Performance Measures (YBalance test, Core control, ROM of hip, Isometric strength) |
-Data imputation
-Weka software |
NR |
- SMOTE
-5-fold cross-validation |
| Ruddy et al. (2018) |
HSI (traumatic) |
- Demographics and Injury History (Age, Height, Mass. Playing Position, History HIS, History ACL)
- Physical Performance Measures (Peak Hamstring Force Right, Peak Hamstring Force Left, Hamstring Force Imbalance) |
Data normalized (Z-score) |
NR |
- SMOTE
- 10-fold cross-validation |
| Ayala et al. (2019) |
HSI (traumatic) |
- Demographics and Injury History (Age, History of HSI last season, Maximal level of play achieved)
- Psychological and Perceptual Variables (Sleep quality, Physical/emotional exhaustion, Reduced sense of accomplishment)
- Physical Performance Measures (Dynamic postural control, Isometric hip abduction and adduction strength, Lower extremity joint ROMs) |
Data imputation |
NR |
- SMOTE
- 3-fold cross-validation |
| Connaboy et al. (2019) |
Any region (NR) |
- Demographics (Age, Boday fat, Weight)
- Physical Performance Measures (Peak anaerobic power, Mean anaerobic power, Knee active extension) |
Not Reported |
NR |
Leave-one out cross validation |
| Henriquez et al. (2020) |
Any region (NR) |
- Demographics (Weight, Height, Gender, Age)
- Physical Performance Measures (Eyes Open Balance Test Composite Score, DPSI Composite Score, Straight Leg Raise, Active Knee Extension, Ankle Dorsiflexion Strength) |
Data normalized (Z-score) |
Mean Decrease Accuracy |
5-fold cross-validation |
| Oliver et al. (2020) |
Any region (traumatic) |
-Demographic (Age, BMI, Height);
-Physical Performance Measures (Maturity-Offset, 75%Hop L PVGRF, 75%Hop R PVGRF) |
Weka software |
NR |
- Cost-sensitive learning
- 5-fold
cross-validation |
| Jauhiainen et al. (2021) |
Knee, Ankle (traumatic) |
- Demographic and Injury History (Age, Sex, BMI, Previous ACL, Family ACL history)
- Physical Performance Measures (KT1000 (dominant leg), hip flexion peak (dominant leg), medial knee displacement (both legs), vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (both legs)) |
-Data imputation
-Data normalized (Z-score) |
Expert-based feature selection |
10-fold cross-validation |
| Ruiz-Perez et al. (2021) |
Any region (traumatic) |
- Demographics and Injury History (Player position, Current level of play, Dominant leg, Sex, Age)
- Psychological and Perceptual Variables (Physical/emotional exhaustion, Sleep quality)
- Physical Performance Measures (PosteroLateral, Y-Balance-Composite) |
-Data imputation
-Weka software |
Attribute Selected Classifier |
-Under-sampling Bagging
-5-fold cross-validation |
| Bogaert et al. (2022) |
Any region (overuse) |
- Demographics and Injury History (Gender, Weight, Height, Previous injuries)
- Physical Performance Measures (Root-mean-square ratio, Step regularity, Stride regularity, Sample entropy) |
Data normalized (Min-Max Scaling) |
PCA (Principal Component Analysis) |
-Cost-sensitive learning
-Internal Cross-Validation |
| Jauhiainen et al. (2022) |
Knee (traumatic) |
- Demographics and Injury History (Age, Body mass, Previous ACL)
- Physical Performance Measures (Single leg drop jump knee, Jump hip flex max) |
-Data imputation
-Data normalized |
NR |
- SMOTE
-5-fold cross-validation |
| Huang et al. (2022) |
Any region (overuse) |
- Psychological and Perceptual Variables (Sleep Quality, Muscle Soreness, Stress Levels)
- Physical Performance Measures (Squat 1RM, 15 m × 17 Shuttle Run, 5.8 m × 6 Shuttle Run)
- Physiological Status Indicators (Urine Protein, Urobilinogen, Urine pH, Urine Specific Gravity) |
-Data imputation
-Data normalized (Z-score) |
NR |
- SMOTE
- 10-fold cross-validation |
| Lu et al. (2022) |
Any Muscle (traumatic) |
- Demographics and Injury History (Recent hamstring injury, Recent back injury, Age)
- Game Performance Metrics (Field goal percentage, 3-point shots made per game, 3-point shots attempted per game, Usage percentage, Offensive win share, Defensive win share) |
Not Reported |
RFE (Recursive Feature Elimination) |
10-fold cross-validation |
| Huang et al. (2023) |
Any region (overuse) |
- Psychological and Perceptual Variables (RPE: Ratings of Perceived Exertion)
- Physical Performance Measures (Double under, Squat, Bench press, Shuttle run, Sprint)
- Physiological Status Indicators (Instantaneous Heart Rate, Heart Rate Recovery, Protein, pH) |
-Data imputation
-Data normalized (Z-score) |
LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) |
- SMOTE
- 5-fold cross-validation |
| Javier Robles-Palazon et al. (2023) |
Soft tissue (traumatic) |
- Demographics and Injury History (Age, BMI, Injury history)
- Psychological and Perceptual Variables (Anxiety, Motivation, Team cohesion)
- Physical Performance Measures (Joint Range of Motion (ROM), Balance and Stability, Functional Performance Measures) |
-Data imputation
-Weka software |
Attribute Selected Classifier |
- Under-sampling Bagging
- 5-fold cross-validation |
| Kolodziej et al. (2023) |
Any region (traumatic) |
- Demographics (Age, Height, Weight)
- Physical Performance Measures (Postural Control and Balance, Strength Measures, Joint Kinematics, Joint Moments)
- Ground Reaction Forces (Peak vGRF) |
Data normalized |
LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) |
15-fold cross-validation |