Supplementary Table S2. Detailed RoB 2 assessment by study, outcome, and domain. Study Outcome D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Overall RoB Seabra et al. (2014) BMI High risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns High risk Seabra et al. (2014) BFP High risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns High risk Seabra et al. (2014) LBM High risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns High risk Seabra et al. (2016) BFP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Seabra et al. (2016) LBM Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Seabra et al. (2016) WC Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Seabra et al. (2016) TG Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Seabra et al. (2016) TC Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Seabra et al. (2016) LDL-C Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Seabra et al. (2016) HDL-C Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Seabra et al. (2016) SBP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Seabra et al. (2016) DBP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Knoepfli-Lenzin et al. (2010) BFP Some concerns Low risk High risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Knoepfli-Lenzin et al. (2010) LBM Some concerns Low risk High risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Knoepfli-Lenzin et al. (2010) WC Some concerns Low risk High risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Knoepfli-Lenzin et al. (2010) TC Some concerns Low risk High risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Knoepfli-Lenzin et al. (2010) LDL-C Some concerns Low risk High risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Knoepfli-Lenzin et al. (2010) HDL-C Some concerns Low risk High risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Weintraub et al. (2008) BMI Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Vasconcellos et al. (2016) BMI Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Vasconcellos et al. (2016) BFP Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Vasconcellos et al. (2016) LBM Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Vasconcellos et al. (2016) TG Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Vasconcellos et al. (2016) TC Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Vasconcellos et al. (2016) LDL-C Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Vasconcellos et al. (2016) HDL-C Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Vasconcellos et al. (2016) SBP Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Vasconcellos et al. (2016) DBP Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Vasconcellos et al. (2021) BMI Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Vasconcellos et al. (2021) BFP Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Vasconcellos et al. (2021) WC Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Vasconcellos et al. (2021) TG Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Vasconcellos et al. (2021) HDL-C Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Vasconcellos et al. (2021) DBP Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Soares et al. (2023) BMI Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Soares et al. (2023) BFP Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Soares et al. (2023) WC Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Soares et al. (2023) LBM Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Lousa et al. (2017) BMI Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Lousa et al. (2017) BFP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Lousa et al. (2017) WC Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Randers et al. (2010) BFP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Randers et al. (2010) TG Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Randers et al. (2010) TC Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Randers et al. (2010) LDL-C Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Randers et al. (2010) HDL-C Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Cvetkovic et al. (2018) BMI Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Cvetkovic et al. (2018) BFP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Cvetkovic et al. (2018) LBM Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Cvetkovic et al. (2018) SBP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Cvetkovic et al. (2018) DBP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Faude et al. (2010) BMI Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Krustrup et al. (2009) BMI Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Krustrup et al. (2009) BFP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Krustrup et al. (2009) LBM Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Krustrup et al. (2009) TC Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Krustrup et al. (2009) LDL-C Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Krustrup et al. (2009) HDL-C Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Krustrup et al. (2009) SBP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Krustrup et al. (2009) DBP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Hansen et al. (2013) BMI Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Hansen et al. (2013) SBP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Hansen et al. (2013) DBP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Wang et al. (2023) BMI Some concerns Some concerns Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Wang et al. (2023) BFP Some concerns Some concerns Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Wang et al. (2023) LBM Some concerns Some concerns Low risk Low risk Some concerns Some concerns Andersen et al. (2014) BMI Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2014) BFP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2014) LBM Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2016) BMI Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2016) BFP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2016) LBM Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2016) TG Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2016) TC Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2016) LDL-C Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2016) HDL-C Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2016) SBP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns Andersen et al. (2016) DBP Some concerns Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Some concerns D1, bias arising from the randomization process; D2, bias due to deviations from the intended interventions; D3, bias due to missing outcome data; D4, bias in measurement of the outcome; D5, bias in selection of the reported result.