Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants. |
| Variable |
Full sample
(n = 180) |
Lower-performance
internal reference group (n = 60) |
Middle
tertile (n = 60) |
Higher-performance
group (n = 60) |
Sig. |
| Age,
years |
23.9 ±
4.0 |
23.8 ±
3.9 |
23.9 ±
4.0 |
24.0 ±
4.1 |
0.787 |
| Male
sex, n (%) |
112 (62.2) |
37 (61.7) |
38 (63.3) |
37 (61.7) |
0.986 |
| Taekwondo,
n (%) |
64 (35.6) |
21 (35.0) |
22 (36.7) |
21 (35.0) |
0.992 |
| Sanda,
n (%) |
61 (33.9) |
20 (33.3) |
21 (35.0) |
20 (33.3) |
0.992 |
| Brazilian
jiu-jitsu, n (%) |
55 (30.6) |
19 (31.7) |
17 (28.3) |
19 (31.7) |
0.992 |
| Height,
cm |
173.6 ±
7.3 |
173.2 ±
7.4 |
173.7 ±
7.4 |
174.0 ±
7.1 |
0.548 |
| Body
mass, kg |
70.8 ±
8.7 |
70.4 ±
8.8 |
70.8 ±
8.8 |
71.2 ±
8.5 |
0.614 |
| Body
mass index, kg/m2 |
23.5 ±
2.1 |
23.4 ±
2.2 |
23.5 ±
2.0 |
23.6 ±
2.1 |
0.602 |
| Body
fat, % |
15.8 ±
3.3 |
16.8 ±
3.5 |
15.7 ±
3.2 |
14.9 ±
2.8 |
0.001 |
| Skeletal
muscle mass, kg |
35.8 ±
4.2 |
34.7 ±
4.4 |
35.6 ±
4.0 |
37.1 ±
4.0 |
0.002 |
| Resting
heart rate, bpm |
63.4 ±
6.0 |
65.2 ±
6.2 |
63.4 ±
5.8 |
61.7 ±
5.4 |
0.001 |
| Systolic
blood pressure, mmHg |
117.1 ±
8.2 |
118.0 ±
8.5 |
117.2 ±
8.1 |
116.2 ±
7.9 |
0.232 |
| Diastolic
blood pressure, mmHg |
74.6 ±
6.2 |
76.4 ±
6.5 |
74.6 ±
6.0 |
72.9 ±
5.9 |
0.003 |
| RMSSD,
ms |
53.6 ±
12.9 |
48.2 ±
12.4 |
54.8 ±
12.3 |
57.8 ±
12.0 |
<
0.001 |
| Training
age, years |
7.9 ±
2.5 |
6.8 ±
2.3 |
8.1 ±
2.4 |
8.9 ±
2.6 |
<
0.001 |
| Weekly
training sessions, n |
5.5 ±
1.3 |
4.8 ±
1.2 |
5.5 ±
1.1 |
6.2 ±
1.4 |
<
0.001 |
| Weekly
training load, hours |
9.7 ±
3.4 |
7.9 ±
3.0 |
9.8 ±
3.1 |
11.4 ±
3.6 |
<
0.001 |
|
|