Table 3. Classification of included studies by competition level, tactical context, tactical unit, modeling approach, and measurement approach. Author Competition level Tactical context Tactical unit Modeling Measurement approach Bourbousson et al. (2010a) Tier 4 B R - Q Bourbousson et al. (2010b) Tier 4 B C - Q Shortridge et al. (2014) Tier 5 O I M S Esteves and Arede (2015) Tier 2 O C - Q Esteves et al. (2016) Tier 2 O C - Q Franks et al. (2015) Tier 5 D - M MX Sampaio et al. (2014) Tier 5 O I M S Skinner et al. (2015) Tier 5 O C M S Cervone et al. (2016) Tier 5 O C M MX Santana et al. (2019) Tier 5 O R - Q Manisera et al. (2019) Tier 3 B C M MX Daly-Grafstein and Bornn (2021) Tier 5 D - M S Santos-Fernandez et al. (2022) Tier 5 B C M Q Supola et al. (2022) Tier 5 O R - Q Barron et al. (2025) Tier 5 B R M Q Jiao et al. (2025) Tier 5 O I - S Participant competition levels are categorized based on the Participant Classification Framework (McKay et al., 2021): Tier 5 (World Class): Athletes from top global leagues (e.g., NBA) or Olympic/World Championship medalists, representing the highest competitive level; Tier 4 (Elite/International Level): Athletes from international professional leagues (e.g., French professional basketball league) or national team members; Tier 3 (Highly Trained/National Level): Athletes from national domestic leagues (e.g., Italian Serie C) or NCAA Division II/III programs; Tier 2 (Trained/Developmental): Youth competitive athletes (e.g., U14 championship participants) with regular sport-specific training and local/regional competition experience. Abbreviations: O = offensive; D = defensive; B = both; I = individual; R = interactional; C = collective; M = modeling study; – = not applicable; S = state-based; Q = sequence-based; MX = mixed.