Table 3. Body composition before and after the intervention. |
| |
Group |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
Mean Change
(95% CI) |
P
(within) |
Between-group
differences at Post-test |
P
(between) |
Cohen's
d |
| Body
mass (kg) |
Control |
66.11 ±
6.67 |
66.37 ±
6.52 |
0.26 (-0.37,
0.89) |
0.415 |
Control
vs 40% AOP: 0.63 (-0.63, 1.89) |
0.315 |
0.63 |
| 40%
AOP |
62.98 ±
5.32 |
62.68 ±
5.21 |
-0.30 (-0.75,
0.15) |
0.185 |
Control
vs 60% AOP: -0.35 (-1.23, 0.53) |
0.452 |
0.24 |
| 60%
AOP |
65.39 ±
4.52 |
65.05 ±
4.48 |
-0.34 (-0.93,
0.25) |
0.248 |
40% AOP
vs 60% AOP: -0.05 (-0.83, 0.73) |
0.918 |
0.48 |
| Body
fat (%) |
Control |
11.16 ±
1.33 |
11.05 ±
1.30 |
-0.11 (-0.28,
0.06) |
0.124 |
Control
vs 40% AOP: 0.58 (-0.22, 1.38) |
0.142 |
0.57 |
| 40%
AOP |
10.66 ±
1.89 |
10.16 ±
1.82 |
-0.50 (-1.16,
0.16) |
0.158 |
Control
vs 60% AOP: -0.55 (-1.16, 0.06) |
0.082 |
1.68 |
| 60%
AOP |
9.59 ±
1.33 |
8.91 ±
1.25 |
-0.68 (-1.57,
0.21) |
0.185 |
40% AOP
vs 60% AOP: -0.19 (-1.10, 0.72) |
0.695 |
0.79 |
| Lower-
limb muscle mass (kg) |
Control |
19.28 ±
1.87 |
19.44 ±
1.82 |
0.16 (-0.13,
0.45) |
0.069 |
Control
vs 40% AOP: 0.38 (-0.70, 1.46) |
0.412 |
0.37 |
| 40%
AOP |
18.26 ±
1.68 |
18.81 ±
1.62 |
0.55 (0.13,
0.97)* |
0.010 |
Control
vs 60% AOP: 1.48 (0.40, 2.56)† |
0.008 |
0.78 |
| 60%
AOP |
20.11 ±
2.05 |
20.94 ±
2.01 |
0.83 (0.37,
1.29)* |
<
0.001 |
40% AOP
vs 60% AOP: 0.98 (-0.06, 2.02) |
0.062 |
1.17 |
|
Data are presented as mean ± SD. *Significant difference compared with pre-test (P < 0.05). †Significantly greater than the control group at post-test (P < 0.05). Mean change = post-test value minus pre-test value. Cohen’s d values are for between-group pairwise comparisons. |
|