Supplementary Table S10. Descriptive normalized sEMG amplitude across attachment conditions and cadence-defined analytical intervals. Muscle Analytical interval SB WVS CB RP LD Lifting 34.2 ± 15.4 29.3 ± 13.1 33.0 ± 12.9 27.5 ± 12.7 LD Lowering 37.3 ± 18.4 33.4 ± 21.3 28.1 ± 12.9 24.0 ± 11.3 MT Lifting 27.3 ± 21.0 18.3 ± 13.6 25.6 ± 18.1 19.8 ± 11.0 MT Lowering 29.0 ± 21.2 22.9 ± 14.2 32.2 ± 22.3 26.2 ± 14.9 PD Lifting 15.6 ± 9.1 18.5 ± 14.3 14.5 ± 7.3 23.3 ± 11.5 PD Lowering 20.9 ± 13.7 20.4 ± 11.1 15.2 ± 7.7 23.2 ± 9.3 BB Lifting 17.1 ± 10.5 30.5 ± 11.7 18.5 ± 7.5 15.6 ± 8.3 BB Lowering 12.3 ± 8.7 20.8 ± 10.7 14.3 ± 8.3 16.1 ± 10.9 TB Lifting 18.3 ± 12.6 27.3 ± 18.2 17.2 ± 10.5 19.0 ± 7.9 TB Lowering 18.3 ± 13.9 26.8 ± 21.1 18.0 ± 13.9 16.0 ± 8.3 Values are mean ± SD after averaging retained repetitions within each participant, muscle, attachment, and analytical-interval combination and are expressed as percentages of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). Lifting and lowering denote the cadence-defined analytical windows used for sEMG quantification and should not be interpreted as mechanically synchronized phase boundaries. LD = latissimus dorsi; MT = middle trapezius; PD = posterior deltoid; BB = biceps brachii; TB = triceps brachii; SB = straight bar; WVS = wide V-shaped handle; CB = cambered bar; RP = rope.