Supplementary Table S5. Kinematic characterization of velocity-defined active-motion duration and between-attachment differences.

Panel A. Velocity-defined active-motion durations in participants with both motion-capture and sEMG data

Metric Repetitions, n Participants, n Mean ± SD, s Median, s Cluster-bootstrap 95% CI, s
Pull 89 13 1.477 ± 0.282 1.460 1.353-1.592
Return 89 13 1.434 ± 0.391 1.395 1.297-1.580
Total 89 13 2.911 ± 0.574 2.840 2.663-3.151
The analysis included 13 participants and 89 retained repetitions. Durations were derived from the velocity-based kinematic event algorithm and represent the active-motion portions of the pull and return. They are distinct from, and were not intended to reproduce, the complete nominal 2.0-second metronome-prescribed lifting or lowering intervals.

Panel B. Attachment-specific participant-level mean velocity-defined active-motion durations and complete-case comparisons
Metric SB, s WVS, s CB, s RP, s F(3, 30) GG-corrected p SB - WVS, s [95% CI] Holm p
Pull 1.497 ± 0.227 1.381 ± 0.212 1.462 ± 0.275 1.622 ± 0.442 2.860 0.090 0.116 [0.011, 0.221] 0.201
Return 1.515 ± 0.252 1.277 ± 0.282 1.504 ± 0.571 1.459 ± 0.428 1.140 0.343 0.238 [0.095, 0.381] 0.025
Total 3.012 ± 0.431 2.658 ± 0.433 2.965 ± 0.788 3.081 ± 0.667 2.237 0.130 0.354 [0.176, 0.533] 0.008

Complete-case n = 11. Attachment values are mean ± SD of participant-level mean velocity-defined active-motion durations. GG = Greenhouse-Geisser. Pairwise p values are Holm-adjusted. SB = straight bar; WVS = wide V-shaped handle; CB = cambered bar; RP = rope.