The aim of this study was to determine the relative exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation during walking in inactive and overweight men and women and evaluate any possible sex differences. Forty six healthy, sedentary, overweight men (age: 36.3 ± 1.3 years, body fat: 28.8 ± 0.8%, n = 28, mean ± SE) and women (age: 36.6 ± 1.8 years, body fat: 37.1 ± 0.8%, n = 18) participated in the study. Fat oxidation was calculated from expired air analysis using indirect calorimetry during an incremental treadmill walking test. Peak fat oxidation rate (PFO) was higher in men compared to women (0.31 ± 0.02 vs. 0.20 ± 0.02 g.min^-1; p < 0.001), but this difference disappeared when PFO was scaled per kg fat-free mass (4. 36 ± 0.23 vs. 3.99 ± 0.37 mg.kg fat free mass^-1.min^-1). Also, the relative exercise intensity at which PFO occurred was similar for men and women and corresponded to 40.1 ± 1.8 and 39. 5 ± 2.3% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and 60.0 ± 1.4 and 57.8 ± 1.4% of maximal heart rate, respectively. The walking speed corresponding to PFO was 5.5 ± 0.2 and 5.0 ± 0.1 km·h^-1 for men and women, respectively. Regression analysis showed that sex, FFM and VO₂max were significant predictors of PFO expressed in g.min^-1 (adjusted R² = 0.48, p = 0.01). However when PFO was scaled per kg FFM, only a small part of the variance was explained by VO₂max (adjusted R² = 0.12, p < 0.05). In conclusion, peak fat oxidation rate and the corresponding relative exercise intensity were similar in male and female overweight and sedentary individuals, but lower compared to those reported for leaner and/or physically active persons. Walking at a moderate speed (5.0-5.5 km·h^-1) may be used as a convenient way to exercise at an intensity eliciting peak fat oxidation in overweight individuals.

• Peak fat oxidation rate scaled per kg fat-free mass and the corresponding relative exercise intensity are similar in male and female overweight and sedentary individuals, but lower compared to those reported for leaner and/or physically active persons.

• Walking at a moderate speed (5.0-5.5 km.h) may be used as a convenient way to exercise at an intensity eliciting peak fat oxidation in overweight individuals.

• The relationship between %HRmax and %VOmax in overweight individuals is different from that reported for normal-weight adults and should be taken into account to optimize exercise intensity using heart rate in obese individuals.

• Due to the low intensity corresponding to peak fat oxidation in overweight and sedentary persons and the inter-individual differences, exercise intensity for health benefits should be prescribed following individual testing.